Finnish cave diver Sami Paakkarinen, who helped recover the bodies, said the Italians were found without a diving reel or guide rope—essential for navigating hazardous caves—and were using standard recreational scuba gear instead of specialized cave-diving equipment. He noted that neither he nor his team would have entered such a deep, challenging cave without these safety measures, likening a guide rope to ‘Ariadne’s thread’. Paakkarinen suggested human error was a likely factor but stressed that investigators must determine the cause. Outside + 2

Italian prosecutors in Rome have opened a culpable homicide investigation, seizing electronic devices and dive gear from the victims to analyze dive data, gas usage, and possible video footage. Items including GoPro cameras and dive computers, retrieved by the Finnish recovery team, are being examined alongside accounts from Maldivian officials who confirmed the dive far exceeded the 30‑metre legal limit. Authorities in both countries hope the data will clarify whether the group entered the cave voluntarily or was influenced by currents, with early reports suggesting they became trapped after mistaking a dead‑end tunnel for the exit. divemagazine.com + 1

The tragedy has exposed a regulatory gray area in the Maldives, where technical dives—such as deep cave expeditions—are not comprehensively governed. The group had a research permit for dives up to 50 metres but did not declare cave exploration, which officials say would have triggered strong cautions. The incident has intensified calls for structured technical diving regulations, mandatory specialized training, and stricter enforcement to prevent high-risk dives from operating under recreational or research frameworks. indoneo.com + 2

The five Italians, including University of Genoa scientists, were on a liveaboard research cruise when they entered the Devana Kandu cave on May 14. Their instructor’s body was found that day; the rest were located days later in the cave’s deepest chamber. A Maldivian military diver died from decompression sickness during recovery. The Maldives has suspended the vessel’s licence, and both nations are investigating what is now considered the country’s deadliest diving accident. E! News + 4